by Fred Nwaozor Electoral malpractice remains one of the biggest threats to democratic stability, especially in developing democracies where manual processes dominate election management. Technology offers structured, transparent, and traceable systems that reduce human manipulation. When properly deployed, technological tools can secure voter identity, protect vote integrity, and improve transparency across the entire electoral value chain, from registration to result declaration. Biometric voter registration and accreditation are among the most effective technological solutions against electoral fraud. Studies show that biometric systems help eliminate unregistered voting, ballot stuffing, and multiple voting by ensuring only verified voters participate. However, research also indicates that while biometrics improve integrity, they must be complemented with voter education and trust-building measures to avoid reduced turnout or skepticism. In Nigeria, the Bimodal ...